In the world of professional film and television production, managing labor relations is a critical skill for any producer or production executive. From negotiating standardized terms to addressing daily grievances on set, the production team must navigate a complex web of union and guild agreements.
The Role of Labor Relations
Labor relations personnel—usually lawyers—negotiate the standardized terms that govern production throughout the US and internationally. These "area standard agreements" are negotiated on behalf of hundreds of production companies and studios, defining the rates, benefits, and working conditions for cast and crew.
Managing Unions and Locals
Once a production is up and running, the line producer and UPM must work closely with the various locals of the unions (such as DGA, SAG-AFTRA, and IATSE). Each guild has a "shop steward" or union representative on set who monitors compliance and informs the production team of any issues or grievances.
Common Grievances on Set
If a contract is violated, the individual who filed the grievance may be entitled to financial penalties. Common examples of set-level issues include:
- Meal Penalties: If crew members are not given their required meal breaks within the specified timeframe.
- Safety Issues: If safety rules for stunts or special effects are not properly followed.
- Rate "Bumps": If crew members are worked in conditions that entitle them to a higher rate—such as working in smoke or extreme weather—without being properly compensated.
Avoiding Penalties through Knowledge
To avoid grievances and the associated financial penalties, the 1st AD, line producer, and UPM must have a clear understanding of the rules for each union and local. This includes knowing the specific requirements for travel, housing, and "perks" for both above-the-line and below-the-line personnel.
Labor relations is a team sport, with the production team, union representatives, and labor relations lawyers all working together to ensure that the production is safe, compliant, and successful.